Balinese culture and then got a strong influence of Indian culture that the process is faster after the 1st century AD. Name Balidwipa (Bali Island) began to be found in various inscriptions, including inscriptions Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentions the word Walidwipa. It is estimated that around this time that Subak irrigation system for cultivation of rice began to be developed. Some religious traditions and culture also began to develop at that time. Kingdom of Majapahit (1293-1500 AD) is a Hindu and centered on the island of Java, had set up a subordinate kingdom in Bali around the year 1343 AD It was almost the entire archipelago are Hindus, but as the coming of Islam stood the Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, among others, led to the collapse of Majapahit. Many of the nobility, clergy, artists and other Hindu community when it withdrew from the island of Java to Bali.
Bali Island MAP
Bali Map
Europeans first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman from the Netherlands in 1597, though a Portuguese ship had previously been stranded near Cape Mount, Jimbaran, in 1585. Netherlands through the VOC began to carry out the occupation in the land of Bali, but continue to get resistance, so until the end of the power of their position in Bali is not as solid as their position in the Java or the Moluccas. Starting from the northern region of Bali, since the 1840s the Netherlands has become a permanent presence which was originally done by pit-sheep various rulers of Bali which are not mutually trust each other. Dutch major attack by land and sea against the Sanur area and followed with the Denpasar area. Bali party who lost in numbers and weaponry do not want to experience shame to give up, thus causing the war to the death or bellows that involves all the people both men and women, including a king. An estimated 4,000 people were killed in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Furthermore, the Dutch governors who ruled only a few influences on the island, so that local control of religion and culture generally unchanged.
Japan occupied Bali Island during World War II and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali forming forces 'freedom fighters'. Following Japan's surrender in the Pacific in August 1945, the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia (including Bali) to re-establish its colonial rule as a state before the war. This was opposed by the forces of resistance Bali who was using Japanese weapons.
On 20 November 1945, fighting broke out Puputan Margarana that occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan, Bali middle. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai who was 29 years old, led his army from the territory east of Bali to launch an attack to death on the Dutch troops are armed. All members of the battalion of the Bali killed them all and make it as the last Balinese military resistance.
In 1946 the Dutch made Bali as one of 13 areas part of the new State of East Indonesia was proclaimed, named as one of the rivals for the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta. Bali then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized the independence of Indonesia on December 29, 1949. In 1950 Bali officially leave perserikatannya with the Dutch and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
The eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, had shaken the people's economy and caused many of the Balinese transmigrate into other areas in Indonesia.
In 1965, along with the failure by the G30S coup against the national government in Jakarta, Bali and many other areas there was a crackdown against members and sympathizers of the Communist Party of Indonesia. In Bali, it is estimated more than 100,000 people were killed or disappeared. Nevertheless, the events in the early days of the New Order until now has not managed to be disclosed by law. [6]
Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002, attacks in the form of the 2002 Bali Island bombings in Kuta Beach tourist area, causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others injured. Bali bomb attacks in 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach. These incidents received extensive international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists and cause Bali's tourism industry faces severe challenges in recent years.
Source : Bali Island
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